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Odds are that the MS guys have found a good supply of easy to use HEGOs. Either that, or use ones from roughly 1998-2001.

To know how efficent the engine is, you need to know two big drivers (ignoring EGR)- what is the a/f ratio, and what spark you are relative to MBT. And even with the spark info, you need to know the efficency change for the spark retard from MBT. Spark is the really tricky problem with aftermarket c...

One of my biff's with the VE table is that the table doesn't really include the situation when you have overlapping valves. Your exhaust can partially ignite the new charge, which buggers the entire theory that pressure correlates to O2 in the cyl. This is why MAF sensors are way up stream, those p...

HEGO (Heated Exhaut Gas Oxygen) sensors are indeed heated based on the exhaust temp- or more correctly modeled exhaust temp. But up until about 2002, all HEGO's were heated on or off- no PWM to heat and maintain heat. That was a technology added to enhance emissions for PZEV vehicles. And those sens...

then use a basic volumetric efficiency correction table. Really straight forward, and with the calculations, you can use simple calibration parameters to define the volume. Thus making the calculation portable for different engines. My biggest concern with that is what do I use for base VE table? H...

Exactly. I wish I had a database of the sensors that would work, but I bet that the MS dudes would have them.

Just got to find the not quite so powerful heater sensors that are out there.

Couple of things.... First an easy speed-density calculation- while there are a lot of good equations that one can use, the easiest is just like MS use- use the ideal gas law based on temperatures and pressure, and then use a basic volumentric efficiency correction table. Really straight forward, an...

Unless you want to find the heater specs from the manufacturer, you are better off finding a sensor from the early 2000's where it's an on/off heater control without a duty cycle. The cycled ones are far more heat than you need- they are used to get the senors lit off quick, and allow closed loop fu...